Criminal Defense Terms and Definitions

Tort An injury or wrong committed, either with or without force, to the person or property of another, for which civil liability may be imposed. Miranda rule The rule, pronounced in Miranda v. Arizona, that confessions are inadmissible in a criminal prosecution if the police do not advise the suspect in custody of certain rights before questioning. Circumstantial evidence All evidence of an indirect nature. Testimony not based on actual personal knowledge or observation of the facts in controversy. Search warrant An order issued by a judge or magistrate commanding a sheriff, constable, or other officer to search a specified location. Assault A willful attempt to illegally inflict injury on or threaten a person. Accessory A person who assists in the commission of a crime, either before or after the fact. Manslaughter A person recklessly causes the death of another, or acting under extreme emotional disturbance, causes the death of another, or acting under circumstances when a person reasonably believes the circumstances provide a legal justification or excuse for his conduct constitutes manslaughter. Allegation The assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, establishing what the party expects to prove. Bench warrant An order issued by the court for the arrest of a person Fraud An intentional perversion of truth; deceitful practice or device resorted to with intent to deprive another of property or other right.

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	Did You Know?
	There are 3 basic types with standard of proof There are essentially three standards of proof applicable in most court proceedings. In criminal and delinquency cases, the offense must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the highest standard. In civil cases and neglect and dependency proceedings, the lowest standard applies by a mere preponderance of the evidence (more likely than not). In some civil cases, and in juvenile proceedings such a permanent termination of parental rights, an intermediate standard applies: proof by clear and convincing evidence.